Student work authorization
What is F-1 OPT and the STEM OPT extension?
Optional Practical Training (OPT) is temporary work authorization that lets F-1 international students work in a job directly related to their major for up to 12 months. Students with an eligible U.S. STEM degree can apply for a 24-month STEM OPT extension, for up to 36 months total.
Primary legal authority
- 8 CFR §214.2(f)(10)(ii) — Authorizes post-completion OPT for F-1 students (up to 12 months).
- 8 CFR §214.2(f)(10)(ii)(C) — Authorizes the 24-month STEM OPT extension for eligible degree holders working for E-Verify employers.
Standard (post-completion) OPT
After completing a degree, an F-1 student may receive up to 12 months of post-completion OPT in their field of study. Work authorization is evidenced by an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) issued by USCIS.
OPT carries limits on unemployment time during the authorization period, and employment must be related to the student's major area of study.
The 24-month STEM extension
Students who earned an eligible degree on the official STEM Designated Degree Program List, and who work for an employer enrolled in E-Verify, may apply for a 24-month extension of OPT under 8 CFR §214.2(f)(10)(ii)(C) — bringing the maximum to 36 months.
STEM OPT requires a formal training plan (Form I-983) and ongoing reporting obligations.
Frequently asked questions
How long is F-1 OPT?
Post-completion OPT is up to 12 months under 8 CFR §214.2(f)(10)(ii). An eligible STEM degree can add a 24-month extension, for up to 36 months total.
Who qualifies for the STEM OPT extension?
F-1 students with an eligible degree on the STEM Designated Degree Program List who work for an E-Verify employer, under 8 CFR §214.2(f)(10)(ii)(C). A training plan (Form I-983) is required.
Does OPT work have to relate to my degree?
Yes. OPT employment must be directly related to the student's major area of study.
JustiGuide provides legal information, not legal advice, and is not a law firm. This page is a general overview and is not a substitute for advice about your specific situation from a licensed immigration attorney. Last reviewed 2026-05-27.